Terminology

Every rebate and pricing term, defined properly

Not dictionary definitions — mechanisms. What the thing is, how it works, and why it tends to leak. Written so that a CFO and an integration engineer both recognise their own version of it.

Accrual

Rebates

Also: Rebate accrual · Provision

The liability or receivable recognised as a rebate is being earned, before it is actually settled.

Accrual review

Finance

A staging step where computed accruals are examined and approved before they post to the ledger.

Amendment

Contracts

A formal change to an executed agreement, creating a new version with its own effective date.

Approval workflow

Contracts

A defined sequence of approvals an object must pass before it takes effect.

Bill-back

Channel

Also: Billback · Claim-back · Recovery claim

A claim raised against a supplier to recover the difference between standard cost and an authorised lower price, after the qualifying sale has happened.

Buying group

Channel

Also: Co-op · Purchasing co-operative · Member group

A collective that negotiates supplier terms on behalf of its members and distributes the resulting rebates back, based on the purchase data members report.

Channel inventory

Channel

Also: Inventory in the channel · Distributor stock

Product you have sold and recognised revenue on that is still sitting in a partner’s warehouse, unsold to an end customer.

Chargeback

Channel

Also: Wholesaler chargeback · Contract chargeback

A wholesaler’s claim to a manufacturer for the difference between the price the wholesaler paid and the contract price at which they sold to an eligible customer.

Claim

Rebates

A formal request for money owed under an agreement — raised by you against a supplier, or submitted to you by a partner or customer.

Co-op advertising

Channel

A programme in which a supplier reimburses part of a partner’s advertising spend, usually accrued as a percentage of purchases and claimed with evidence.

Contract drift

Contracts

The divergence between the terms actually signed and the terms the systems are operating on.

Contract lifecycle management (CLM)

Contracts

Managing a commercial agreement from drafting through negotiation, execution, amendment, renewal and expiry.

Cross-reference

Data & systems

Also: Identifier mapping · Entity resolution · Xref

Resolving a partner’s identifiers — product, customer, entity — to your own master records so transactions can be matched.

Customer rebate

Rebates

Also: Sell-side rebate · Trade rebate · Contractor rebate

A rebate you fund and pay to your own customers based on what they buy from you.

Deduction

Rebates

Also: Short pay · Chargeback deduction

A customer paying less than the invoiced amount, netting off a claimed rebate, shortage, allowance or dispute.

Design registration

Channel

Also: Design win registration · Opportunity registration · Deal registration

A distributor registers an engineering or sales opportunity to claim protected pricing on business they developed.

Deviated cost

Channel

Also: Deviation · Deviated price

A manufacturer-authorised cost below a distributor’s standard cost, granted for sales to a specific operator, chain or account.

Discount stacking

Pricing

The accumulation of multiple independently-approved concessions on the same transaction, producing a combined reduction nobody authorised.

e-Signature

Contracts

Legally binding electronic execution of an agreement, with the signing order, identity and timestamp recorded.

EDI 844 / 845 / 867

Data & systems

Also: EDI · Chargeback EDI

The standard electronic transaction sets used for chargeback claims (844), contract price authorisations (845) and product-transfer or sell-through reporting (867).

Floor-plan financing support

Channel

A manufacturer subsidy covering the interest a dealer pays to finance inventory, typically for a defined free-floor period.

GL reconciliation

Finance

Proving that the incentive subledger — accruals, claims, settlements and adjustments — agrees with the general ledger.

Governed AI

Data & systems

AI assistants and agents that operate inside defined policy, scoped to the user’s permissions, with guardrails and a full audit trail.

GPO (group purchasing organisation)

Channel

An organisation that negotiates contract pricing on behalf of member providers and collects an administrative fee on the contracted sales that result.

Gross-to-net

Finance

The full reconciliation from gross revenue to net revenue, accounting for every rebate, chargeback, allowance and credit.

Growth rebate

Rebates

A rebate paid on the increase in volume over a prior-period baseline, rather than on total volume.

Index-linked pricing

Pricing

Also: Indexed pricing · Formula pricing

Price tied to a published commodity or input benchmark, adjusted on a stated cadence with a contractual lag.

Lump-sum rebate

Rebates

Also: Fixed rebate · Marketing allowance

A fixed payment agreed for a period or a commitment, not calculated per transaction.

Margin floor

Pricing

The minimum acceptable margin for a transaction, below which approval must escalate.

Master data

Data & systems

The authoritative records for customers, products, vendors and organisational entities that every transaction refers to.

MDF (market development funds)

Channel

Also: Market development fund · Co-op funds · Trade promotion funds

Money a supplier provides to a channel partner to fund marketing or promotional activity, drawn down against approved plans and evidence.

Net-net price / cost

Pricing

Price or cost after all rebates and allowances — on the sell side, what you keep; on the buy side, what you truly paid.

Off-invoice

Pricing

A price reduction settled separately from the invoice — by rebate, claim or credit — rather than shown on it.

Payout

Rebates

Money you owe outward under an incentive programme — the payable counterpart to recovery.

Period close

Finance

Also: Month-end close · Locked period

The point at which an accounting period is locked and no further postings may change it.

Pocket price

Pricing

Also: Net-net price · Realised price

What you actually keep from a transaction after every on-invoice and off-invoice reduction.

POS / sell-through

Channel

Also: Point of sale data · Sell-through · 867 data · Resale reporting

A channel partner’s report of what they actually sold to end customers, as distinct from what they bought from you.

Price erosion

Pricing

The gradual decline of realised price over time through accumulated concessions, without any deliberate decision to lower the price.

Price optimisation

Pricing

Setting price by segment, product and deal characteristics using evidence about what the market actually pays, rather than by cost-plus or by precedent.

Price protection

Channel

A credit owed to a channel partner on their existing inventory when the manufacturer reduces the price of that product.

Price triangulation

Pricing

Reconciling the three prices that exist for one transaction — invoice price, contract price and net-net pocket price — into a single agreed number.

Price waterfall

Pricing

The step-by-step decomposition from list price down to pocket price, naming every reduction along the way.

Proof of performance

Channel

Also: POP · Evidence of performance

The evidence that a funded promotional activity actually took place, required before the funding can be legitimately claimed or retained.

Rebate

Rebates

A payment made after a qualifying transaction, returning part of the price based on volume, growth, mix or behaviour agreed in advance.

Recovery

Rebates

The collection of money owed to you — the receivable side of an incentive programme, from claim through to settled cash.

Redline

Contracts

Also: Track changes · Markup

Proposed changes to a contract shown inline with attribution, so each party can see exactly what the other altered.

Retroactive rebate

Rebates

Also: Retro rebate · Look-back rebate

A rebate where crossing a threshold applies the higher rate to all qualifying volume from the start of the period, not just the volume above the threshold.

Revenue leakage

Finance

Also: Margin leakage · Revenue leak

Money that was earned but never collected, or paid out when it was not owed, through failures of process and data rather than of commercial judgement.

Segregation of duties

Finance

Also: SoD

Ensuring the person who calculates or adjusts an amount is not the person who approves and settles it.

Ship & debit

Channel

Also: Ship and debit · Debit authorisation · SPA claim · Claimback

An arrangement where a manufacturer authorises a distributor to sell a product below the distributor’s standard cost to a named end customer, and the distributor bills back the difference.

SPA (special pricing agreement)

Channel

Also: Special pricing agreement · Special price authorisation · Deviation

A supplier’s written authorisation to sell specific products to a specific customer or project below the buyer’s standard cost, with the difference recovered by claim.

Stock rotation

Channel

Also: Stock rotation rights · Return allowance

A distributor’s contractual right to return a capped share of slow-moving inventory, usually quarterly and expressed as a percentage of purchases.

Take-or-pay

Pricing

A commitment where the customer must purchase a minimum volume or compensate for the shortfall.

Tiered rebate

Rebates

Also: Threshold rebate · Stepped rebate

A rebate whose rate increases as cumulative volume crosses defined thresholds.

Trade promotion management

Channel

Also: TPM · Vendor-funded promotion

Planning, funding, executing and settling promotional events funded by suppliers, from budget allocation through to the claim.

True-up

Rebates

The adjustment booked when a rebate settles at a different amount from what was accrued.

Usage-based billing

Finance

Also: Metered billing · Consumption billing

Pricing and invoicing from measured consumption rather than a fixed periodic fee.

Vendor rebate

Rebates

Also: Supplier rebate · Buy-side rebate · Purchase rebate

A rebate you earn from a supplier based on what you purchase from them.

Volume rebate

Rebates

A rebate earned on absolute purchase or sales volume over a defined period.

Write-off

Finance

Abandoning a claim or deduction balance because pursuing it costs more than it is worth.

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